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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)03-0070-14 |
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论个人信息保护中同意规则的弱化适用 |
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郑晓剑，郑海蓉 |
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（厦门大学法学院，福建厦门，361005） |
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| 摘 要： 同意规则虽在个人信息保护方面具有积极意义，但不宜将其奉为合法处理个人信息的一般规则。同意乃弱化的意思表示，是主体参与社会交往、与他人设定法律关系的手段，隐含个人自由与法秩序的内在张力之价值。同意规则须受到合法、正当、必要原则的约束，不应阻碍信息的流通利用，亦不可使弱势的信息主体独立承担同意的法律后果。故而，有必要弱化同意规则在个人信息处理中的适用价值。以意思表示发生法律效果仅促成法律行为的成立而不决定其效力的“意思表示工具论”为方法，明确同意仅构成信息处理的正当理由，而非合法理由，信息处理是否合法还须由法秩序各要素来检验。由此，在合法处理信息应满足“同意+符合法秩序要求”的基本构造下，同意规则即被弱化适用。 |
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| 关键词： 个人信息；同意规则；弱化适用；意思表示；法秩序 |
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On the weakening application of consent rule in personal information protection |
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ZHENG Xiaojian, ZHENG Hairong |
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（School of Law, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China） |
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| Abstract: The consent rule has positive significance in protecting personal information, but should not be regarded as a general rule of legally processing personal information. Consent is a weakened declaration of will, a means for the people to participate in social communication and to establish legal relations with others, which implies the value of personal freedom and the internal tension of legal order. Consent rules should be bound by the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity, and should not hinder the circulation and utilization of information, nor make people who are vulnerable to independently bear the legal consequences of consent. Therefore, it is necessary to weaken the application value of the consent rule in the processing of personal information. By means of “the instrumental theory of declaration of will”, which means that the legal effect of declaration of will only contributes to the establishment of legal act but does not determine its validity, it is clear that consent only constitutes a legitimate reason for information processing, rather than a legal reason, and the legality of information processing must be tested by various elements of legal order. Therefore, under the basic structure of “consent + compliance with legal order requirements”, the consent rule is weakened. |
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Key words: personal information; consent rule; weakened application; declaration of will; legal order |
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