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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)03-0026-11 |
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德雷福斯可供性理解之“物”的补充——技能习得模型的后现象学批判与修正 |
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程瑞，伏其秦 |
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（山西大学科技与社会研究所，山西太原，030006） |
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| 摘 要： 作为反思人类思维与行为的理论依据，德雷福斯的技能习得模型理论意义重大。技能习得模型中的“可供性”被德雷福斯理解为一种直接的邀请，以排斥可供性作为环境因素的客观性特征。矛盾的是，在技能习得模型中，“可供性的邀请”不可避免地要以可供性的客观性为基础，这就使其难以实现德雷福斯本来的哲学主张。究其根源，技能习得模型预设了一种“认知主义主体”，并且忽视了技术与环境等“物”的维度。通过后现象学揭示出可供性的具体呈现过程，弥补模型中可供性理解的不足，可以修正技能习得模型，使其更加符合德雷福斯的哲学理想与技术哲学的“物的转向”理念。 |
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| 关键词： 德雷福斯；技能习得模型；可供性；邀请；后现象学 |
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Thingly additions to Dreyfus’ understanding of affordance: A postphenomenological critique and revision to the model of skill acquisition |
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CHENG Rui, FU Qiqin |
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（Institute for Science, Technology and Society, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China） |
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| Abstract: As a theoretical basis for reflecting on human thinking and behavior, Dreyfus’ model of skill acquisition is of great significance. And “affordance” in this model is understood by Hubert Dreyfus as a direct solicitation, an understanding that rejects the objectivity that characterizes affordance as an environmental factor. Paradoxically, however, “the solicitations of affordances” in his model of skill acquisition is inevitably based on the objectivity of affordance. It makes the model of skill acquisition incapable of realizing Dreyfus’ philosophical claims. The root of this problem is that the model presupposes a “cognitivist subject” and ignores the “dimension of things” such as technology and environment. By revealing the process of presenting affordances through postphenmenology, and by refining the deficiencies in the model’s understanding of affordances, it is possible to revise the model of skill acquisition to be more consistent with the philosophical ideal of Dreyfus and the philosophy of technology’s idea of “thingly turn”. |
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Key words: Dreyfus; the model of skill acquisition; affordance; solicitation; postphenmenology |
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