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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)03-0001-14 |
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论官僚制的道德基础 |
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左高山1,2，李雨轩1 |
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（1. 中南大学人文学院，湖南长沙，410083；
2. 北京外国语大学马克思主义学院，北京，100089） |
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| 摘 要： 官僚制作为现代公共行政的主要组织形式备受关注。官僚制在提高行政效率的同时，亦可能导致“行政之恶”。对此，美国著名公共行政学家弗雷德里克森提出了“官僚制是否存在道德基础”的问题，引发了学术界的广泛讨论。传统观点将官僚制视作“价值中立”或“价值无涉”的纯技术性工具。事实上，官僚制蕴含着深刻的道德基础，理性、正义与责任是其核心价值所在。理性为官僚制奠定了高效有序的运作前提，正义是官僚制维护公共利益的价值导向，责任确保官僚制对其行为结果负责，三者共同构成官僚制的道德基础。 |
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| 关键词： 官僚制；道德基础；理性；正义；责任 |
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On the moral basis of bureaucracy |
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ZUO Gaoshan1,2, LI Yuxuan1 |
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（1. School of Humanities, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Marxism, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China） |
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| Abstract: As the predominant form of modern public administration, bureaucracy has attracted considerable attention as well as controversy. While enhancing administrative efficiency, bureaucracy may also lead to what is termed as “administrative evil”. In this regard, H. George Fredrickson, a renowned American scholar in public administration, raised the critical question whether bureaucracy possesses a moral basis, thereby igniting extensive scholarly debate. Traditional perspectives hold a “value-neutrality” or “value-free” position, viewing bureaucracy as a purely technical instrument devoid of ethical considerations. Actually, bureaucracy inherently embodies profound moral foundations, underpinned fundamentally by rationality, justice, and responsibility. Rationality establishes the essential premise for efficient and orderly operation of bureaucracy, justice serves as the value orientation for safeguarding public interest, and responsibility ensures accountability for the consequences of bureaucratic actions. These three elements all together constitute the moral basis of the legitimacy of bureaucracy. |
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Key words: bureaucracy; moral basis; rationality; justice; responsibility |
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