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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)02-0182-08 |
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半殖民地中国的反帝话语建构 |
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李永东 |
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（西南大学文学院，重庆，400715） |
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| 摘 要： 半殖民地中国的反帝话语呈现出“有限反帝”与“向内反帝”两种主导倾向，深刻影响了中国现代文学的思想风貌与反帝书写模式。帝国主义在中国的存在状况极为复杂，当局的反帝态度随时局而变，外交话语对于列强的描述在“帝国”与“友邦”之间不断切换。在多方势力博弈的历史背景下，反帝话语处于被压抑的状态，缺乏连贯性和一致性，呈现出“有限反帝”的书写状况。反帝书写常常以“反资”代替“反帝”，外国人形象通常处于缺席状态或被后台化处理，近洋人物成了帝国主义批判的主要对象，由此带来了“向外反帝”书写的薄弱和“向内反帝”书写的繁盛。“向内反帝”话语主导了中国现代文学的反帝反殖书写，也为拆解半殖民地的主奴社会结构提供了方案。 |
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| 关键词： 半殖民地；帝国主义；有限反帝；向内反帝；向外反帝 |
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The construction of anti-imperialist discourse in semi-colonial China |
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LI Yongdong |
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（School of Literary, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China） |
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| Abstract: There are two tendencies dominating the anti-imperialist discourse in semi-colonial China: “limited anti-imperialism” and “inward anti-imperialism”, which profoundly influenced the thinking style and the anti-imperialist writing mode in modern China. Imperialism in China was extremely complex as the government’s stance towards anti-imperialism shifted with the political climate and diplomatic discourse oscillated between describing foreign powers as “imperial powers” and as “friendly allies”. In the context of multi-faceted power struggles, anti-imperialist discourse was often suppressed, lacking coherence and consistency, resulting in “limited anti-imperialist” writing. In anti-imperialist writing, “anti-capitalism” often substitutes “anti-imperialism”, and the image of foreigners often tend to be absent or relegated to the background while characters from neighboring regions become the primary targets of imperialist critique, leading to a weakening “outward anti-imperialist” narrative and a flourishing “inward anti-imperialist” discourse. The “inward anti-imperialist” discourse dominates the anti-imperialist and anti-colonial writing in modern Chinese literature and provides a framework for dismantling the master-slave social structure of the semi-colonial society. |
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Key words: semi-colony; imperialism; limited anti-imperialism; inward anti-imperialism; outward anti- imperialism |
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