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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)02-0132-15 |
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从条款到代码：智能合约的“道德决策” |
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徐文 |
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（西南科技大学法学院，四川绵阳，621010） |
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| 摘 要： 区块链智能合约的去信任化功能无法绝对去除履约过程中失信行为的存在。买卖、保理、委托等弱智能合约因其代码条款的个性化程度高、协商需求程度高而存在大量道德风险因素；人力预言机、第三方预言机与专家预言机在对物理世界的数据进行验证的情况下极易诱发道德风险。就智能合约开展道德决策的结构而言，共识层可用于识别道德风险，回滚机制可用于处理道德风险。就智能合约道德决策代码的写作而言：宜以道义主义原则为主，功利主义原则为辅；宜选择包含触发条件、触发后果以及触发后果之间逻辑关系的祈使句类型；宜采用Cicero、CML等合约模型撰写代码条款。就智能合约道德决策代码的运行效果而言，既是意思自治原则下计算美德的体现，也是技术治理优于法律治理的例证。 |
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| 关键词： 智能合约；道德决策；代码条款；风险治理 |
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From clause to code: The moral decision of smart contract |
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XU Wen |
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（School of Law, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China） |
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| Abstract: The detrust function of blockchain smart contracts cannot absolutely diminish the immoral behavior of contract performance. In weak smart contracts like sales contract, factoring contract, commission contract and the like, there may exist a great number of moral risk factors owing to their high degree of code clause personalization and negotiation needs. The manned oracle, the third-party oracle and expert oracle may easily trigger moral risks in the case of verifying data from the physical world. In terms of the structure of moral decision by smart contract, the consensus layer can be used to identify moral risks, while the rollback mechanism can be used to deal with moral risks. In terms of the writing of moral decision code by smart contract, it is suggested to take the deontist principle as main principle, to take the utilitarian principle as the supplemented principle, to adopt imperative sentences including those logical relative clauses that trigger conditions, consequences and logic relationship, and to use smart contract models like Cicero and CML to write code clause. In terms of the effect of moral decision of smart contract, it not only manifests the computing ethics under the autonomy of will, but also exemplifies the advantages of management by technology against management by law. |
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Key words: smart contract; moral decision; code clause; risk management |
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