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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)01-0175-18 |
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论清代帝王子学——以《四库全书》《四库全书总目》为中心 |
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何宗美 |
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（西南大学文学院，重庆，400715） |
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| 摘 要： 帝王子学是清代帝王之学在经、史、子、集四维中的一维，其总体特点和基本性质是以帝王子书标举帝王子学的楷式，借帝王造神确立帝王子学的权威，用帝王之学铸造帝王子学的灵魂，由此形成书、人、学亦即经、圣、道三位一体的帝王学体系。包括帝王子学在内的帝王之学的建构，是清王朝实现思想统一的重要举措，而且是一种最严密、最深刻的思想统治。作为中国古代最高政治理念的治、教合一，它的实现是千古以来的政治难题。在专制统治登峰造极的清代，帝王在“治”的方面至高无上自不待言，难以确立的是在“教”的方面同样至高无上的地位，所以极力神化帝王的正是“教”的一面，而且清代帝王本身于“教”致力亦最勤，在中国历史上较高程度地实现了真正意义的治、教合一，由此堪称超迈历代帝王。究其因，则帝王之学的建构可以说是清王朝实现治、教合一的重大成果，而帝王子学在其中发挥了不可忽视的作用。 |
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| 关键词： 清代帝王子学；帝王之学；帝王学体系；治、教合一 |
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On the study of the emperors’ princes in the Qing Dynasty: Taking The Imperial Collection of the Four and The Catalogue as the centre |
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HE Zongmei |
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（College of Liberal Arts, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China） |
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| Abstract: The study of imperial princes is one of the four dimensions of learning in the Qing Dynasty, namely, classics, history, philosophy, and literature. Its general characteristics and basic nature lie in that it sets the model of the study of imperial princes by means of imperial philosophical works, establishes the authority of the study of imperial princes by deifying emperors, and forges the soul of the study of imperial princes with imperial learning., hence forming an imperial learning system of unity, which integrates books, individuals, and learning, that is, Classics, Sages, and the Tao. The construction of imperial learning which includes the study of imperial princes, is an important measure for the Qing Dynasty to take to achieve ideological unity, and represents the most rigorous and profound form of ideological control. The integration of governance and education, as the highest political concept in ancient China, had been a political challenge throughout history. During the Qing Dynasty when autocratic rule reached its peak, the emperor’s supreme status in governance was self-evident. However, it was difficult to establish an equally supreme position in education. Therefore, it was precisely the aspect of “education” that strongly deified the emperor. Moreover, the Qing emperors themselves were most diligent in their efforts regarding “education”, and achieved, to a relatively higher degree in Chinese history, the true integration of governance and education, thus considered to have surpassed the emperors of previous dynasties. Essentially speaking, the construction of imperial learning can be regarded as a significant achievement of the Qing Dynasty in realizing the integration of governance and education, in which the study of imperial princes played a non-negligible role. |
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Key words: the study of imperial princes in the Qing dynasty; the study of the emperors; imperial system; integration of governance and education |
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