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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)01-0095-12 |
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隐喻视角下组织管理理论建构的整合多元主义方法 |
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盛思鑫 |
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（中国宏观经济研究院，北京，100038） |
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| 摘 要： 理论建构中所使用的隐喻具备可拓展性，这种可拓展性来源于喻体系统和本体系统之间的映射关系，并且透过喻体和本体间的类比推理可以产生新的能被检验的假设。基于对喻体和本体(研究对象)关系的不同认识，可将组织管理领域常见的理论建构方法分为三种：工具主义、批判实在论和多元主义。使用这三种方法来构建理论的研究者大多数对于隐喻的使用都是下意识的，并没有充分意识到人类思维的隐喻性质和概念系统的隐喻本质。从隐喻思维的角度看，用来构建理论的三种方法各有优缺点。运用整合多元主义这一新方法来建构组织管理理论，可综合已有方法的优点，同时尽量克服它们的不足。该方法一方面认同工具主义提出新喻体的理论倾向，力求通过分析综合已有理论的隐喻基础来构建新喻体；另一方面也肯定批判实在论对更强解释力的追求，主张新喻体应尽可能吸收已有喻体之间的共同点。此外，整合多元主义还借鉴了多元主义“兼容并包”的研究路径。隐喻思维视域下整合多元主义方法的使用既有助推进组织管理理论的创新，也能为其他社会科学领域的理论创新提供启示。 |
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| 关键词： 隐喻；工具主义；批判实在论；多元主义；整合多元主义 |
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An integrative pluralistic approach to organizational management theory construction from a metaphorical perspective |
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SHENG Sixin |
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（Chinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research, Beijing 100038, China） |
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| Abstract: Metaphors employed in theory construction possess extensibility, which stems from the mapping relationships between the source domain and the target domain, and through analogical reasoning between the two domains, new testable hypotheses can be generated. Based on different understandings of the relationship between the vehicle and tenor (research object), theoretical construction methods commonly used in organizational management can be classified into three approaches: instrumentalism, critical realism, and pluralism. Researchers employing these three methods often use metaphors subconsciously, without fully recognizing the metaphorical nature of human thinking and the metaphorical essence of conceptual systems. From the perspective of metaphorical thinking, each of these three theory-building methods has its advantages and limitations. The application of this new method—integrative pluralism—in constructing organizational management theories can synthesize the advantages of existing methods while attempting to overcome their limitations. This approach, on the one hand, acknowledges the theoretical tendency of instrumentalism to propose new vehicles, striving to construct new metaphorical vehicles by analyzing and synthesizing the metaphorical foundations of existing theories, and on the other hand, affirms critical realism’s pursuit of stronger explanatory power, advocating that new vehicles should incorporate commonalities among existing vehicles wherever possible. Furthermore, integrative pluralism draws upon the “inclusive” research path of pluralism. The utilization of integrative pluralism from the perspective of metaphorical thinking not only helps advance innovation in organizational management theory but also provides insights for theoretical innovation in other social science fields. |
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Key words: metaphor; instrumentalism; critical realism; pluralism; integrative pluralism |
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