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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)01-0070-10 |
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论行政主体不当得利返还请求权的确立及其实现 |
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李沫 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： 发放拆迁补偿款是行政主体基于公法义务作出的行政给付。我国土地征迁实践中的相对人重复领取补偿款追索纠纷多通过民事诉讼解决，但行政主体提起民事诉讼面临诉讼主体不适格的问题。理论上，给付行政中的相对人基于公法领域中欠缺法律依据的财产变动获利，致行政主体受损失，成立公法上行政主体的不当得利返还请求权。我国在立法上应当确立行政主体不当得利返还请求权，在相对人拒不返还不当得利时，行政主体可以提起行政诉讼要求返还。在行政诉讼模式下，行政主体不当得利返还请求权的实现还离不开行政诉讼相关制度的跟进，其内容涉及行政诉讼受案范围、法律参照适用、权利行使的限制等。 |
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| 关键词： 行政主体；公法上不当得利；返还请求权；行政诉讼 |
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Establishment and realization of the granting of claim right of administrative subject for the return of unjust enrichment |
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LI Mo |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: The issuance of demolition compensation is an administrative payment made by administrative entities based on their obligations under public law. In the practice of land acquisition and relocation in our country, legal disputes over the counterpart’s duplicate compensation payments are often resolved through civil litigation, but there exists the issue of his illegitimacy and the lack of legislative basis when the administrative subject pursues recourse. Theoretically, if the counterparty makes profits based on property changes that lack legal basis in the field of public law, causing the administrative subject to suffer losses, then the administrative subject’s right to claim for the return of unjust enrichment under public law is established. Legislation in our country should establish this claim to provide a basis for the administrative subject to pursue unjust enrichment from the administrative counterpart, and when the administrative counterpart refuses to cooperate with the return, the administrative subject is entitled to claim for the return of unjust enrichment. But in the model of the administrative litigation, the realization of the administrative subject’s right to claim for undue return is inseparable from the follow-up of administrative litigation-related systems, which involve the scope of administrative litigation, application of legal reference, and restrictions of exercise of rights. |
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Key words: administrative subject; unjust enrichment in public law; right to claim for return; administrative litigation |
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