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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2025)01-0044-15 |
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生态破坏型环境侵权的理论归属与类型划分 |
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张璐，王浩名 |
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（华东政法大学经济法学院，上海，200042） |
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| 摘 要： 一直以来，环境侵权的理论与实践存在结构性缺失，表现在理论上以环境污染为中心的研究展开和实践中以污染应对为中心的制度实施，致使生态破坏型环境侵权归属不明、内涵不清，其根源在于长期以来以环境污染为认识论起点的思维惯性、基于生态破坏行为特殊性的理论迷惘以及受行政管制强势地位影响的认知误区。应在厘清生态破坏型侵权与环境污染型侵权差异性、与环境侵权本质法理一致性以及基于一致性衡量的差异性消解的基础上，提出生态破坏型环境侵权的理论归属。在其内部救济问题上，根据生态破坏行为致害机理的阶段性和损害对象的差异性，面向不同层面所涉及的多层次利益格局，将生态破坏型环境侵权划分为要素减损、功能退化、私权损害三个基本类型，并提出相应的救济思路，以实现对环境侵权现存结构性缺失的弥补与完善。 |
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| 关键词： 环境侵权；权利损害；环境污染；生态破坏；生态破坏型环境侵权 |
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The theoretical attribution and type division of ecological damage environmental tort |
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ZHANG Lu, WANG Haoming |
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（School of Economic Law, East China University of Politics and Law, Shanghai 200042, China） |
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| Abstract: For long, there has been a structural deficiency in the theory and practice of environmental torts, which is manifested in the fact that theoretic research evolving around environmental pollution is in practice on pollution response centering on the implementation of the system, resulting in unclear attribution and connotation of ecologically destructive environmental torts. The root cause of this lies in the long-standing inertia of environmental pollution as the starting point of epistemology, the theoretical confusion based on the specificity of ecological damage and the cognitive misunderstanding influenced by the strong position of administrative control. We should propose the theoretical attribution of ecological damage environmental tort on the basis of clarifying the difference between ecological damage tort and environmental pollution tort, the consistency with the essence of environmental tort jurisprudence and the dissolution of the difference based on consistency measurement. In terms of internal remedy, we divide the ecological damage environmental tort into three categories: “factor impairment” “functional degradation”, and “private right damage” according to the stage of the mechanism of ecological damage and the difference of the damage object, and in view of the multi-level interest pattern involved at different levels, and finally suggest corresponding relief channels in order to realize the make-up and perfection of the existing structural deficiencies of environmental tort. |
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Key words: environmental tort; rights damage; environmental pollution; ecological damage; ecologically destructive environmental tort |
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