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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2024)06-0023-10 |
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“作为社会合理化”的现代化理论——从韦伯到哈贝马斯 |
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刘光斌 |
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（湖南大学马克思主义学院，湖南长沙，410082） |
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| 摘 要： 韦伯在考察工具合理性及其制度化时，把行为理论和社会合理化理论结合起来，将社会合理化的过程看成是资本主义现代化的过程，并展开了对资本主义社会的时代诊断，开启了“作为社会合理化”的现代化理论传统。卢卡奇和阿多诺赓续了“作为社会合理化”的现代化理论传统。其中，卢卡奇吸收了韦伯的合理化理论，他从形式合理性出发，把物化合理化的过程看成是资本主义现代化的过程。阿多诺延续了卢卡奇的理路，采用工具合理性分析进路，把资本主义现代化理解为物化合理化。哈贝马斯从双重合理性出发，从生活世界和系统双重合理化及其关系层面考察资本主义现代化，延续了韦伯等人对资本主义社会进行时代诊断的主题，从而发展了“作为社会合理化”的现代化理论。从韦伯到哈贝马斯，西方学界已经形成了一种“作为社会合理化”的现代化理论传统。这为我们理解资本主义现代化及其病症，以及坚持中国式现代化提供了一些理论启示。 |
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| 关键词： 现代化理论；韦伯；卢卡奇；阿多诺；哈贝马斯 |
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Modernization theory of "Rationalization as the Society": From Weber to Habermas |
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LIU Guangbin |
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（School of Marxism, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China） |
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| Abstract: When investigating instrumental rationality and its institutionalization, Weber combines behavioral theory with social rationalization theory, regards the process of social rationalization as the process of capitalist modernization, and starts the era diagnosis of capitalist society, hence opening the theoretical tradition of modernization as social rationalization. Lukacs and Adorno continue the tradition of modernization theory of "Rationalization as the Society": Lukacs absorbs Weber's rationalization theory, and regards the process of materialization rationalization as the process of capitalist modernization from the perspective of formal rationality, while Adorno continues Lukacs's logic, analyzes the materialized social form, materializes ideological form, and criticizes the materialized symptoms of capitalism. Then, Habermas, starting from the dual rationality, examines the capitalist modernization from the dual rationalization of life world and system and their relationship, which continues the theme of Weber and others' diagnosis of capitalist society, thus developing the modernization theory of "Rationalization as the Society". From Weber to Habermas, western academic circles have formed a theoretical tradition of modernization as social rationalization, which provides some theoretical enlightenments for us to understand capitalist modernization and its symptoms and adheres to Chinese modernization. |
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Key words: modernization theory; Weber; Lukacs; Adorno; Habermas |
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