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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)06-0041-10 |
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阿甘本的典型说：一种独特的哲学方法论 |
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黄应全，周琪 |
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（首都师范大学文学院，北京，100048） |
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| 摘 要： 吉奥乔·阿甘本提出了一种特殊的哲学方法论：典型说。阿甘本认为典型是具有个别性与代表性的实例，它通过类比逻辑以个别代表一般。但典型不仅是一种以“旁本体论”为存在方式的具体事物，同时也是分析问题的一种方法。阿甘本建构典型是为了理解更为广泛的历史语境问题。其中，神圣人、集中营等典型形象代表了阿甘本典型化的反面运用，圣方济各运动则代表了其典型化的正面使用。将阿甘本的典型说与中国的艺术典型理论对比，可发现其典型理论对传统“一般—特殊”二元框架的超越。但在建构典型说的过程中，他是否弱化了具体实例的个别性，此点仍待商榷。 |
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| 关键词： 阿甘本；典型；范例；集中营；神圣人；生命形式 |
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Agamben's theory of paradigm: A unique methodology of philosophy |
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HUANG Yingquan, ZHOU Qi |
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（School of Literature, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China） |
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| Abstract: Giorgio Agamben proposed a particular methodology of philosophy: the theory of paradigm. According to Agamben, the paradigm is a singular and representative case, which represents the general by the singular through the logic of analogy. The paradigm is not only a concrete thing with a “para-ontology” way of being, but also a way of analyzing problems. Agamben constructs paradigm in order to understand a broader range of historical contexts. In this context, paradigmatic figures such as the homo sacer and the concentration camp represent the negative use of paradigm, while the St. Francis movement represents the positive use of paradigm. Comparing Agamben's theory of paradigm with the Chinese theory of artistic typicalness, we can find that his theory transcends the traditional "generality-particularity" binary framework. However, it is debatable whether he has weakened the singularity of the paradigmatic example when constructing the theory of paradigm. |
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Key words: Agamben; paradigm; example; concentration camp; homo sacer; form-of-life |
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