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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)05-0201-09 |
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“吞噬”与“渴望”：《狂人日记》与《奥尔拉》中的癫狂论析 |
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冯波 |
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（安徽师范大学文学院，安徽芜湖，241002） |
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| 摘 要： 鲁迅的《狂人日记》与莫泊桑的《奥尔拉》都是“癫狂”想象的名作。译者对莫泊桑“世纪末的疲劳”的感同身受与鲁迅在20世纪初的“困顿”是对“癫狂”时段性特质的提点。《狂人日记》中的“吃人”与《奥尔拉》里的“喝水”象征着对外来“吞噬”的恐惧与对内在夙愿的“渴望”，其实质是因自我被侵占或迷失而陷入精神绝境的反思。而心魔“欧儿拉”象征的“厌弃的自我”与狂人“救救孩子”的“本真的自我”的醒觉及其辩驳正是自我主体建构过程的两面。“癫狂”的跨文化对话不仅质疑了《狂人日记》属意于礼教批判的偏颇，而且也隐喻鲁迅对“知者”躬身自省，生成“立人”首要“立己”的新的“心声”与“内曜”，这成为鲁迅“反抗绝望”思想的重要基础与起点。 |
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| 关键词： 《狂人日记》；《奥尔拉》；“癫狂”；“立人”；“立己” |
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"Devour" and "Desire": Analysis of madness in Diary of a Madman and Le Horla |
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FENG Bo |
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（College of Liberal Arts, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China） |
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| Abstract: Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman and Maupassant's Le Horla are masterpieces of "Madness" imagination. The translators' sympathies with Maupassant's "being exhausted at the end of the century" and Lu Xun's “being stuck" at the beginning of the century are both reminders of the temporal characteristics of "madness". The "eating people" in Diary of a Madman and "drinking water" in Le Horla symbolize the fear of "being devoured" by the outside world and the "desiring" for the inner long-cherished wish, which are both the reflections on the self being invaded, occupied, lost and trapped in a spiritual desperation. The awakening and refutation of "the despised self" symbolized by the demon "Le Horla" and the "authentic self" of the madman’s "saving the children" are the two sides of the constructing process of the self-subjectivity. The cross-cultural dialogue of "Madness" not only questioned the bias of Diary of a Madman as a critique of ethics, but also implied that Lu Xun bowed to "the wise"(the knowing)and examined himself, thus generating a new "voice of the heart"" and " the inner light" of "establishing oneself " before "establishing others". This became the important foundation and starting point of Lu Xun's thought of "revolting despair". |
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Key words: Diary of a Madman; Le Horla; "madness"; "establishing others"; "establishing oneself" |
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