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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)05-0001-11 |
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从阶级意识理论到组织理论——论青年卢卡奇政治哲学的基本特点与当代价值 |
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王雨辰 |
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（中南财经政法大学哲学院，湖北武汉，430073） |
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| 摘 要： 卢卡奇认为西方革命失败的根本原因在于无产阶级阶级意识的危机，强调解决这一危机的根本途径就是破除那种立足于近代理性主义方法把马克思主义哲学实证化的做法，把以变革社会现实为目的的“总体性辩证法”作为马克思主义哲学的方法论基础，恢复马克思主义哲学的批判价值功能，培育成熟的无产阶级的阶级意识。卢卡奇以历史唯物主义的社会存在决定社会意识这一原理作为方法论，系统论述了阶级意识的内涵、功能，揭示了资产阶级阶级意识的特点、内在矛盾和无产阶级阶级意识的特质，强调只有无产阶级的阶级意识才能真正把握历史发展的总体和历史发展的基本趋势。基于这一认识，他提出了以“阶级意识理论”为核心的西方革命战略，并根据当时马克思主义阵营中关于革命策略的争论，提出了以“组织理论”为核心的西方革命策略，由此构成了其政治哲学的完整内容。不同于那种以政治社会与市民社会二分为基础，抽象探讨正义、自由和平等等主题的西方政治哲学，卢卡奇的政治哲学是以马克思主义哲学为基础的，追求无产阶级的自由全面发展等目的的解放政治学。卢卡奇的政治哲学无论是对于建构具有中国自主知识体系的政治哲学，还是对于推进我国社会主义政治文明建设都具有重要的意义。 |
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| 关键词： 卢卡奇；总体性辩证法；阶级意识理论；组织理论 |
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From "the Class Consciousness Theory" to "the Bureaucracy Theory": On the basic features and contemporary values of the political philosophy of young Georg Lukács |
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WANG Yuchen |
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（School of Philosophy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China） |
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| Abstract: Lukács believes that the root cause of the failure of the western revolution is the crisis of proletarian class consciousness, and emphasizes that the fundamental way to solve this crisis is to break away from the modern rationalist method of positivizing Marxist philosophy, to consider "the Dialectical Totality" with the reforming the social reality as the purpose to be the methodological basis of Marxist philosophy, to restore the critical value function of Marxist philosophy and to cultivate mature proletarian class consciousness. By employing the principle of historical materialism that social existence determines social consciousness as his methodology, Lukács systematically discussed the connotation and function of class consciousness, revealed the characteristics and internal contradictions of bourgeois class consciousness and the qualities of proletarian class consciousness, and emphasized that only the proletariat could truly grasp the general trend of historical development. On this basis, he put forward that it was the only advantage of the proletariat over the bourgeoisie, and formed a Western revolutionary strategy centered on "the Class Consciousness Theory", and, in accordance with the debates on revolutionary strategy in the Marxist camp at that time, put forward a Western revolutionary strategy centered on "the Bureaucracy Theory", which constituted the complete content of his political philosophy. Unlike the Western political philosophy which is based on the dichotomy between political society and civil society and which abstractly explores the abstract themes of justice, freedom and equality, Lukács's political philosophy is the politics of liberation which is based on Marxist philosophy and aims at the free and comprehensive development of the proletariat. His political philosophy is of great significance both for us to construct a political philosophy with an autonomous knowledge system and to promote the construction of socialist political civilization in China. |
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Key words: Georg Lukács; the Dialectical Totality; the Class Consciousness Theory; the Bureaucracy Theory |
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