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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)04-0023-08 |
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重释《资本论》语境中的抽象方法 |
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鲍金 |
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（上海交通大学马克思主义学院，上海，200240） |
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| 摘 要： 马克思在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中所标识的“抽象上升到具体”是“科学上正确的方法”，其中的关键问题是如何理解“抽象上升到具体”中的“抽象”方法。从马克思政治经济学研究的视角来看，作为把握“经济形式”的纯粹本质的思维方法，抽象方法不是体现在《资本论》的商品分析中，而是典型地体现在《资本论》关于商品价值的分析中。基于对商品价值的分析，马克思对源自古典经济学的“具体上升到抽象”进行了改造和推进，才真正实现了科学意义上的抽象方法。这一方法的“正确性”，还在于马克思对黑格尔哲学方法的批判性继承。这一批判性继承表明，“具体上升到抽象”有待于提升和深化为“抽象上升到具体”的方法。探讨《资本论》抽象方法的内涵及意蕴，对于从方法论视角来深化《资本论》研究，夯实中国特色哲学社会科学学术体系的方法支撑，为科学认识作为重要生产要素的资本提供理论借鉴，具有重要的意义。 |
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| 关键词： 《资本论》；抽象方法；抽象上升到具体；具体上升到抽象 |
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Reinterpreting abstract methods in the context of Das Kapital |
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BAO Jin |
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（School of Marxism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China） |
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| Abstract: Marx's identification of "the abstract rising to the concrete" in the 1857—1858 Economic Manuscripts is the "scientifically correct method", and the key issue is how to understand the "abstract" method in "the abstract rising to the concrete". From the perspective of Marxist political economy research, as a way of thinking to grasp the pure essence of "economic form", the abstract method is not reflected in the commodity analysis in Das Kapital, but is typically reflected in the value analysis of commodities in Das Kapital. Based on the analysis of the value of goods, Marx transformed and promoted "the concrete rising to the abstract" derived from classical economics, which truly realized the abstract method in a scientific sense. The "correctness" of this method also comes from Marx's critical inheritance of Hegel's philosophical method. This critical inheritance indicates that the theoretical process of "the concrete rising to the abstract" still needs to be advanced, enhanced, and deepened into a method of "the abstract rising to the concrete". Exploring the connotation and significance of the abstract method in Das Kapital is of great significance to deepen the study of Das Kapital from the perspective of methodology, consolidates the methodological support of the academic system of Marxist theory, and provides theoretical reference for scientific understanding of capital as an important factor of production. |
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Key words: Das Kapital; abstract methods; "the abstract rising to the concrete"; "the concrete rising to the abstract" |
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