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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2023)01-0165-13 |
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论“六朝体”赋的演进与特征 |
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唐定坤 |
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（贵州师范大学文学院，贵州贵阳，550001） |
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| 摘 要： “六朝体”赋是研究中国赋学乃至“六朝体”诗的必要内容。其演进于“两汉体”赋而言具有巨大的转向。这种转向表现在影响风格的题材、手法、用字、句式等方面：建安赋开启了舍弃汉赋名物铺陈，专致发展描写铺陈一端的短篇转向；太康赋以陆机为代表，形成了用六言“体物以形容”而蕴含诗化态势的主要特征，凡用语之清浅、修辞之细切，皆与之相关；齐梁赋在骈偶和声律上“益事妍华”，表现为以“声文”促进“形文”的深化，造成“体物”传统的诗境化、诗句化、诗体化。三个阶段的演进表征不一，以建安开启路向，太康可为标识，齐梁最显复杂。凡此皆昭示了赋学史上“六朝体”对“两汉体”的取舍发展，及其追求萧散流丽之体势美的风格特征，有助于对“赋亡”“失体”命题和后代赋文本风格学归属的深入理解。 |
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| 关键词： 赋；六朝体；体貌；六言体物；诗化 |
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On the evolution and characteristics of the Six-dynasty-style Fu |
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TANG Dingkun |
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（College of Literature, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China） |
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| Abstract: The Six-dynasty-style Fu has been an essential content of studying Fu or even Six-dynasty-style poetry in Chinese literature, and its evolution has been an important turning for Han-style Fu. Such turning is manifested in aspects that influence the style, such as subject matter, technique, diction, syntax and so on. Jian’an Fu initiated the shift to short pieces by abandoning the celebrity display of Han Fu and concentrating on the development of the descriptive and pictorial style. Taikang Fu, represented by Lu Ji, forms its major features of using six words to "describe things in a poetic manner" so that all is related to it as long as wording is clear and rhetoric is meticulous. Qi Liang Fu is "more elegant" in terms of parallelism and vocal rhythm, manifested in the use of "sound text" to promote the deepening of "form text", and resulting in poeticization, versification, and poeticization of the "body and matter" tradition. The above three stages of evolution are characterized differently, with Jian'an opening the way, Taikang marking the way, and Qi Liang Fu being the most complicated. All these indicate the preference for"Six-dynasty Style" and in place of Han Style in the development history of Fu, and its pursuit for the style with the leisurely and the natural, which is conducive to a deeper understanding of the propositions of "missing Fu" and "losing Style" as well as the stylistic attribution of the Fu texts of later generations. |
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Key words: Fu; Six-dynasty-style; literary style; using six words to describe things; poetic |
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