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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2021)02-0065-16 |
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论国家在投资者-国家争端解决机制中的角色转变 |
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邓婷婷，屈丹 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410083） |
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| 摘 要： 晚近以来，各国通过签订国际投资协定(IIAs)创设投资者-国家争端解决机制(ISDS机制)，将国际投资争端解决法律化。在传统ISDS机制中，国家与投资者处于平等地位，且投资者独占启动国际投资仲裁的权利，而国家只能被动地参与仲裁。随着ISDS案件数量的激增，该机制限制国家规制权的趋势也日益显现。为此，一些国家开始通过签订新的IIAs，对ISDS机制进行改革。从近期的条约实践中可以看出，ISDS机制中的国家角色正在逐渐发生变化。通过缔约国任命裁判者、缔约国联合发布条约解释以及赋予被告国反请求权等措施，国家主动发挥其在国际投资争端解决中的作用。国家在ISDS机制中作用增强带来的影响是多重的，一方面有利于国际投资的可持续发展，与全球治理理念相契合，但另一方面也可能导致投资者的私人权利遭受侵害。中国作为国际投资身份混同大国，在参与ISDS机制改革时应当注重投资者的保护与国家规制权的平衡。 |
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| 关键词： 国际投资协定；投资者-国家争端解决机制；国家规制权；可持续发展；全球治理 |
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On the changing role of the state in ISDS mechanism |
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DENG Tingting, QU Dan |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China） |
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| Abstract: In the recent decades, many states, by concluding international investment agreements (IIAs), have established investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism in order to legalize international investment dispute settlement. In traditional ISDS, the state and the investor are of equal status, and the investor has exclusive right to initiate international investment arbitration, while the state can only participate in arbitration passively. With the rapid increase of the number of ISDS cases, the trend that ISDS restricts the state's regulatory power has become increasingly apparent. Therefore, some countries have begun to reform ISDS mechanism by issuing new IIAs. From the recent treaty practice, it can be seen that the role of the state in ISDS is gradually changing. By allowing the contracting state to appoint adjudicators, by jointly issuing treaty interpretations and granting counterclaims to the contracting state, the state is playing a proactive role in international investment dispute settlement. The enhanced role of the state in ISDS has multiple impacts: on the one hand, it is conducive to the sustainable development of international investment and fits the concept of global governance; on the other hand, it may also undermine the investor's rights. As a big country with mixed international investment status, China should pay attention to the balance between investor protection and the state regulatory power when participating in the reform of ISDS. |
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Key words: international investment agreements (IIA); investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism; state regulatory power; sustainable development; global governance |
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