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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2019)04-0182-13 |
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论人称代词中语法范畴的形态分化 |
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韩笑，马清华 |
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（南京大学文学院，江苏南京，210046） |
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| 摘 要： 随机选取孤立语、粘着语、屈折语、复综语各10种，共40种语言，考察其人称代词中语法范畴的形态分化，分析其分化模式、分化手段及类型，利用计量方法归纳出它们的多条优势序列。最后论述了人称代词形态有序分化的存在基础及系统本质，认为人称代词形态范畴的地位，人称、数、性、格的次范畴地位具有不均衡性及有序性，这种不均衡性及有序性对形态分化产生影响。人称代词四范畴之间相互关联，虽然这四大范畴也可见于其他词类，但它们在人称代词中有着最高的语言分布，且具有某种程度的独立性，证明了代词在语言中无可取代的基础地位。 |
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| 关键词： 人称代词；语法范畴；形态分化；语言类型；人称；数；性；格 |
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Morphological differentiation of grammatical categories in personal pronouns |
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HAN Xiao, MA Qinghua |
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（School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046,China） |
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| Abstract: This study, by randomly selecting a total sum of 40 languages of 10 kinds each from isolating languages, agglutinative languages, fusional languages and polysynthetic languages, aims to investigate the morphological differentiation of grammatical categories in personal pronouns, to analyze the differentiation patterns, differentiation means and types, and to deduce their multi advantageous sequences by exploiting the measurement method. Finally, the study discusses the basis of existence for the sequential morphological differentiation in personal pronouns, believing that the status of morphological categories in personal pronouns and sub-category status of person-number-gender-case are disproportional and sequential, which exerts an effect on morphological differentiation. The four categories in personal pronouns are interrelated. Although they can also be found in other word classes, they have the highest language distribution in personal pronouns and a certain degree of independence, which proves that the pronouns have an irreplaceable status in the language. |
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Key words: personal pronouns; grammatical categories; morphological differentiation; language types; person; number; gender; case |
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