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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2019)01-0001-10 |
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我国农村集体所有制的理论探讨 |
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张晓山 |
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（中国社会科学院农村发展研究所，北京，100732） |
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| 摘 要： 回顾和梳理了中国农村土地及其他资源或资产集体所有制的演进历程，指出新中国成立后在农村推行的集体所有制，是在土地和其他资产私有的基础上发展起来的；改革开放之后的农村集体所有制成为中国特色社会主义初级阶段的一种特殊所有制形态，农村集体经济理论是中国特色社会主义初级阶段理论体系的重要组成部分。描述了农村集体所有的资源和资产的现状。阐释了现阶段农村集体经济发展存在的问题。指出在法理和现实层面，农村集体经济都是一个巨大的存在；没有农村集体所有制，就没有农村集体经济；要解决农村集体经济发展中的问题，需要从理论、法律、政策与实践层面对中国农村的集体所有制进行探讨。针对农村集体产权制度改革实践中凸显的一些问题，进行了理论探讨。最后指出，在城乡融合发展、城乡要素良性互动的大背景下，农村产权的开放流动将是必然趋势；要在开放流动的产权格局下保障农民财产权益，壮大集体经济，需要深入探讨与农村集体所有制密切相关的一些重要理论问题，为深化农村集体产权制度改革打下坚实的理论基础。在理论创新的基础上，修订和制定相关的法律法规，用理论指导政策层面和实践层面的进一步探索。 |
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| 关键词： 农村集体所有制；农村集体经济；农村集体产权制度改革 |
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Theoretical exploration into collective ownership in China's countryside |
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ZHANG Xiaoshan |
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（Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China） |
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| Abstract: The present study reviews and hackes the evolution of rural land and other resources or collective ownership in China, and points out that collective ownership implemented in the rural area after New China was founded derives from the basis of private ownership of land and other assets. The collective ownership after our Reform and Opening-up became a unique form of ownership and an important component of the theoretic system at the initial stage of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The present study describes the resources of rural collective ownership and the state of assets, and interprets the existing problems of the current stage. The study also points out that at the level of law and reality, rural collective economy remains a substantial existence. Without rural collective ownership, there would be no rural collective economy. To resolve problems arising from the development of rural collective economy, explorations into the collective ownership in China's countryside need to be done at the levels of theory, law, policy and practice. The study undertakes some theoretic exploration into problems in practical reforms in rural collective ownership. The study finally points out that in the current context where the urban and rural areas develop in integration, and their factors interact healthily, the open and fluid tendency of rural property is inevitable. Under such open and fluid property pattern, in order to strengthen collective economy, we need to further explore some essential theoretic issues closely related to rural collective ownership so as to lay a solid theoretic foundation for deepening the reform in rural collective ownership. On the basis of theoretic innovation, we need to revise and formulate some related stipulations, and to supervise with theory further explorations at the levels of policy and practice. |
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Key words: rural collective ownership; rural collective economy; rural collective property system reform |
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