|
| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)04-0001-08 |
| |
|
以富邦国，以生万民——《周礼》的环境与资源观念 |
| |
陈望衡 |
| |
|
（武汉大学哲学学院，湖北武汉，430072） |
| |
| 摘 要： 《周礼》作为儒家的重要典籍，记录的是周朝的行政系统及主要礼制规范，相当全面地反映了周朝的环境与资源观念。在周朝，环境与资源没有区分，它们是统一的，周朝的环境观念主要有：(1)环境的国家观念，周朝设立大司徒一职，负责国家的自然资源与人口统计两个方面的工作，明确标识全国百姓的工作职业。(2)环境的崇拜意识，周朝设大宗伯一职，负责国家祭祀工作，其中有天地神灵的祭祀。周朝对于天地祭祀其规格高于祖先祭祀，反映出周朝人对于天地自然的敬畏，祭祀的目的是希望神灵赐福。(3)环境的经营意识，《周礼》重视对自然资源的合理索取，强调尊重自然，适应自然，与自然合一，以获得良好的收成。(4)环境的保护意识，周人有很强的环境保护意识，不仅制定了诸多的环境保护法令，而且设置了专门人员负责管理环境，体现出很强的生态意识。(5)环境的生活意识，《周礼》以和为社会生活的最高追求，追求人与自然的和谐，追求人与人之间的和谐，其目的是让人民安居乐业。《周礼》是周公与他的助手构建的理想国，这一理想国一直鼓舞着中华民族创造美好的生活。 |
| |
| 关键词： 《周礼》；环境；生态；和谐 |
| |
|
| |
To bring up the people and make the country rich and powerful： Environmental concept in Zhou Li |
| |
CHEN Wangheng |
| |
（School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China） |
| |
| Abstract: Zhou Li, as an important Confucian classic, records administrative system and main etiquette norms in the Zhou Dynasty, hence comprehensively reflecting concepts of environment and resources at that time. In the Zhou Dynasty, environment and resources were unified with no distinction between them. And the concepts of the environment are mainly as follows. First is the national concept of environmental state, which means that the Zhou Dynasty set up a position of Tai Situpa (an official name of the rank of prime minister) to be responsible for work in such two aspects as the country's natural resources and population statistics so as to identify clearly work for people all over the country. Second is the worship consciousness of the environment, which suggests that the Zhou Dynasty set up the post of the Tai Situpa to take charge of work of national sacrifices, worshipping the gods of heaven and earth. Requirements and specifications in the Zhou Dynasty for the sacrifices of heaven and earth were higher than the ancestors, which reflects people's fear of the nature of heaven and earth, and the purpose of sacrifice was to bless the gods. Third is the management consciousness of the environment. Zhou Li attaches great importance to the reasonable demand for natural resources, emphasizes respect for nature, adapts itself to and integrates itself with nature in order to yield good harvests. Fourth is environmental protection awareness. People in the Zhou Dynasty had strong consciousness of environmental protection, not only stipulating many environmental protection laws, but also setting up specialized personnel to take charge of the environment management, which reflects a strong ecological consciousness. Fifth is the life consciousness of the environment. Zhou Li, by taking “harmony” as the highest pursuit of social life, pursues the harmony between man and nature as well as that between man and man with the aim being to make people live and work in peace. Zhou Li is a utopia constructed by Zhou Gong and his assistant, which has been forever inspiring Chinese nation to create better life. |
| |
Key words: Zhou Li; environment; ecological; harmony |
| |
|
|
