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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)03-0042-07 |
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论刑事法上“年幼”的规范含义 |
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胡平仁，邓栩健 |
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（中南大学法学院，湖南长沙，410012） |
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| 摘 要： 我国《刑法》第261条和《刑事诉讼法》第60条都有关于“年幼”的相关规定，但学界对“年幼”一词研究甚少，在法律的适用上常常忽视“年幼”应有之价值并混同于“未成年人”等词语，妨碍了我国的法律实践和法学研究。对《刑法》第261条被保护对象“年幼”人群之界定标准的分析，应当重点从长辈对子女、孙子女、外孙子女的抚养义务之存续时间进行探讨。感知、记忆、表达是证人证言形成的三个阶段，在对“年幼”证人的资格界定过程中，这三个要件的认定也必不可少；应将《刑事诉讼法》第60条有关“不能辨别是非”“不能正确表达”的规定修改为“对待证事实无辨别能力、不能表达”。与此同时，借鉴域外对“年幼”证人资格的界定，我国可以部分摒弃法定主义认定标准，将“年幼”证人资格界定标准向裁定主义认定标准倾斜，适度淡化年龄界限，赋予我国司法人员审查“年幼”人群作证适格性的权力，以推进我国法学理论的建构与发展，促进司法制度及司法实践走向成熟。 |
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| 关键词： 年幼人群；证人资格；法定主义；裁定主义 |
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On the normative meaning of “minor” in criminal law |
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HU Pingren, DENG Xujian |
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（School of Law, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China） |
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| Abstract: There are relevant stipulations about “minor” in both Article 261 in Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and Article 60 in Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. However, the academia in China has done little research on the word “minor”. In legal application, the value of "minor" is ignored and it is often mixed up with "juveniles", which hinders both the practice and research of law in our country. As for the definition standard of the protected group “minor”, it is necessary to lay emphasis on the duration of maintenance obligation of an elder to his children or grandchildren. Perception, memory and expression are the three stages in the formation of witness testimony. In qualifying a minor witness, the identification of these three elements is also necessary. It is suggested that the wording of the provision of Article 60 of Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China “cannot distinguish right from wrong or properly express themselves” be changed to that of “fail to distinguish or express the facts to be proved”. At the same time, by referring to other countries’ definition of "minor" witness, we can partially abandon the statutory standards in China, and tend to define minor witness by means of doctrine of judgment, moderately blurring the age limit. In this way, certain authority is given to China’s judiciary group to check whether "minors" are qualified as witness so as to promote the construction and development of our legal theory as well as the judicial system and judicial practice to maturity. |
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Key words: the "minor" group; the witness qualification; principle of legality; doctrine of judgment |
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