|
| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)02-0052-11 |
| |
|
论环境民事公益诉讼中惩罚性赔偿制度的构建 |
| |
周骁然 |
| |
|
（西南政法大学西部生态法研究中心，重庆，401120） |
| |
| 摘 要： 现有以环境民事公益诉讼制度为具体表现的环境私人执法机制，受补偿性赔偿数额偏低的制约，无法完全实现其弥补环境法公共执法不力、威慑不足的制度功能。惩罚性赔偿因其威慑有力的特征，从而成为补强环境民事公益诉讼威慑水平的最优选择。私人执法和惩罚性赔偿均滥觞于“公法私法化”的浪潮之中，两者均将通过私人行为保护公共利益作为其价值目标，并且惩罚性赔偿实质上是私人执法有效实施的保障手段。在将惩罚性赔偿引入环境民事公益诉讼的过程中，应从功能定位、运行机理以及外部约束三个方面，把握其实现的路径，明确制度设计中所要遵循的约束条件，合理地设计惩罚性赔偿的适用范围、数额确定规则以及赔偿金分配规则。 |
| |
| 关键词： 环境民事公益诉讼；惩罚性赔偿；私人执法；适度威慑 |
| |
|
| |
On the construction of punitive damages in environmental civil public interest litigation |
| |
ZHOU Xiaoran |
| |
（Western Ecological Law Research Center, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120, China） |
| |
| Abstract: Environmental civil public interest litigation is a specific performance of the private enforcement, but the compensation limits its deterrent level and its function to make up the defects in public enforcement of environmental law. To effectively improve the level of deterrence of environmental civil public interest litigation, the introduction of punitive damages has become the best choice. Both private enforcement and punitive damages have originated from the tides of the “Privatization of Public Law”. From the development history, both of their value objectives are to protect public interests through private behavior. And punitive damages can serve as an effective means for private enforcement. In the process of introducing punitive damages to the environmental civil public interest litigation, the path of realization and the constraint conditions in the system design should be precisely grasped by the three aspects of function orientation, operating mechanism and external constraints. The application scope of punitive damages, the rule of determination of amount and the allocation rule should be reasonably designed. |
| |
Key words: environmental civil public interest litigation; punitive damages; private enforcement; moderate deterrence |
| |
|
