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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2018)01-0015-05 |
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张载对佛教思想的理解与批评 |
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秦晋楠 |
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（北京大学哲学系，北京，100871；宾夕法尼亚大学东亚系，费城，19104） |
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| 摘 要： 在生死问题上，张载揭示了一切皆气化，生死只有此两端，免于生死的寂灭不可能。在心的问题上，张载认为佛教割裂了天人的统一性，心不是世界的全部，亦非基石。在世界之实际的问题上，张载通过对变易与真际的强调批评了佛教由变化推出空的思路，并通过对无的批评展开了对佛教根本倾向的批评。在明的问题上，张载强调穷理工夫，认为明理与否是真妄的对立。张载对佛教的根本教义、思想倾向、重要概念理解深入、准确。他对佛教的批判也从礼俗、政治的层面深入到了对世界的根本认识与态度的层面。且在这一最根本的问题上，张载对虚空的分析已经可以构成对佛教世界观有力的本体论批评。从这个角度讲，张载对佛教的批评已经达到了新的高度。 |
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| 关键词： 张载；生死；心法；实际；穷理 |
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Zhang Zai’s understanding and critique of Buddhism |
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QIN Jinnan |
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（Department of Philosophy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, US） |
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| Abstract: On the issue of life and death, Zhang Zai reveals that everything will evaporate, that there are only two situations of being alive and being dead, and that nirvana, which is believed to be different from being alive and being dead, is impossible. About the mind, Zhang Zai believes that Buddhism dissevers the oneness of universe and man, and that the mind never means the whole world nor its basis, holding the opposite opinion to Buddhism. About the reality of the universe, Zhang Zai criticizes the Buddhist doctrine, according to which emptiness is proved due to transience and the lack of eternality. He criticizes nihilism, which is the core of Buddhism and stresses the importance of investigation. Zhang Zai has a deep and exact apprehension of Buddhist doctrines and its key concepts. His critique of Buddhism goes from rituals and politics into a deeper level of the philosophical fundamental knowledge and attitude towards the world. And on this most essential issue, Zhang Zai's analysis of emptiness or nothingness has already constituted a powerful ontological criticism at Buddhist world. In this sense, Zhang Zai has achieved a new height in criticizing Buddhism. |
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Key words: Zhang Zai; life and death; mind; reality; investigation |
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