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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2015)04-0066-10 |
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论国际贸易“双反”措施中双重救济问题的解决路径与方法 |
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胡建国，左海聪 |
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（南开大学法学院，天津，300071） |
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| 摘 要： 双重救济产生于针对相同进口产品同时征收反倾销反补贴税的多种情形。世贸组织上诉机构在中美某些产品“双反”(DS379)案中确认了双重救济的违法性，但没有给出避免双重救济的具体方法。从理论与现有实践来看，针对不同情形下产生的双重救济，存在两种解决路径和五种解决方法，即只征反倾销税、调低反补贴税、从低征税等三种回归救济本质的解决方法和调高出口价格、调低反倾销税等两种回归倾销定义的解决方法。从理论、政策和效果等角度分析，先征反补贴税后征反倾销税的从低征税规则是解决双重救济问题的最佳选择，反映了反倾销和反补贴制度的救济本质，彰显了两种制度的政策象征意义；如损害幅度认定科学，具有完全避免实质意义上的双重救济的效果。我们建议，中国应在多哈回合规则谈判中支持在反倾销和反补贴制度中引入从低征税规则，并要求运用从低征税规则避免双重救济。此外，美国避免双重救济的做法已基本成型，其中某些具体做法涉嫌违反WTO规则，必要时我国可诉诸WTO争端解决机制。 |
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| 关键词： “双反”措施；双重救济；从低征税规则；特殊市场状况 |
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On the approaches to and the methods of resolving the double-remedy problem in the context of ADs and CVDs |
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HU Jianguo, ZUO Haicong |
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（School of Law, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China） |
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| Abstract: Double remedies arose from various situations where concurrent AD and CVD were imposed on the same imported products. The Appellate Body of WTO confirmed the illegality of double remedies in DS379, but did not articulate any specific method of resolving this problem. Based on the theories and relevant practices, there exist two approaches to and five specific methods of resolving the double-remedy problem which may occur in different situations. The first approach responds to the substantial aspect of double remedies and touches upon the remedial nature of AD and CVD regime, including three methods: AD only, decreasing CVD and lesser duties rules. The second approach responds to the formal aspect of double remedies and touches upon the substance/definition of dumping, including two methods: increasing export prices and decreasing AD. Viewed from the perspective of theory, policy and effect, lesser duty rule of the kind of CVD first and AD second is the best policy option, reflecting the remedial essence of AD and CVD regimes and manifesting their policy symbolic significance; if the extent of injury is scientifically determined, this method can totally eliminate the double remedies in the substantial sense. China should support the incorporation of lesser duty rule into the AD and CVD regimes in the Doha Round rule negotiations and call for WTO members to use this rule to avoid the double remedies. In addition, the practice of solving the double remedies of the United States is almost shaped and some specific aspects of it may conflict with the WTO rules, so China should resort to the WTO dispute settlement system when necessary. |
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Key words: ADs and CVDs; double remedies; lesser duty rule; particular market situation |
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