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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2015)04-0013-07 |
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论维柯思想的美学史价值 |
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席格 |
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（北京师范大学哲学学院，北京，100875） |
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| 摘 要： 在西方美学史中，关于维柯的评价存在较大差异。究其原因，一是维柯缺乏美学自觉意识，二是他在出版《新科学》后的100余年内没有对美学学科发展产生实际影响。但值得注意的是，20世纪以来，维柯却被反复植入到西方美学史的论述中，其思想的现代价值也一次次被重新激活。这样，其实也就存在着两种美学史：一种是以美学学科的自觉为前提形成的显在的美学理论史，一种是以潜隐的形式不断为这门学科提供精神启迪的历史。维柯属于后者，即他虽然从不曾进入美学史的主流话语，但他的“新科学”作为人类思维的普遍原则，却对这门学科提供了长久支持。具体言之，自鲍姆嘉通以来，西方美学经历了从感性学、艺术哲学到文化哲学的递变。每一次变化，维柯均能因其理论的普遍性而被重新阐释，重新发现。由此，西方美学史，也就成了不断通过向维柯回溯以获得理论支持的历史。 |
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| 关键词： 维柯；感性学；艺术哲学；文化哲学；西方美学史 |
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On the aesthetic history value of Giambattista Vico’ thoughts |
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XI Ge |
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（College of Philosophy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China） |
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| Abstract: In the history of western aesthetics, there have arisen various comments on Vico. This is mainly caused by two reasons. First, Vico lacks aesthetic consciousness. Second, he has no real impact on the development of the aesthetics of more than 100 years after his New Science was published. But it is worth noting that, since the 20th century, Vico has been discussed repeatedly in the history of western aesthetics, and the modern value of his thoughts has been reactivated over and again. Essentially, there exist two kinds of aesthetics history: one is an obvious history of aesthetic theories under the premise of the consciousness of the aesthetics, and the other is the history of spiritual enlightenments provided continuously to aesthetics in the latent form. Vico belongs to the latter. In other words, Vico never enters the mainstream discourse in aesthetic history, but his thoughts that the “new science” is the universal principle of human thinking provide long-term support to the aesthetics. In details, since Baumgarten, the western aesthetics has been changed from the aesthetics to philosophy of art and to philosophy of culture. In every theoretical transition, Vico’s thoughts can be re-interpreted because of the universality of the theory. Thus, the history of western aesthetics needs to go back to Vico continuously in order to obtain the theoretical support. |
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Key words: Giambattista Vico; aesthetics; philosophy of art; philosophy of culture; history of western aesthetics |
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