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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2012)03-0037-05 |
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和谐社会语境下解决集体行动困境的思考 |
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史杰 |
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（南京大学政府管理学院，江苏南京，210093） |
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| 摘 要： 针对公共事物的治理问题，传统的集体行动理论认为集体行动困境是不可避免的，而解决集体行动困境的方案是对公共事物的治理实行政府的国有化或者市场的私有化。奥斯特罗姆则提出在国家和市场两条传统路径之外还存在着第三条道路--社会的自主治理。受我国历史传统，制度惯性和社会环境等诸多因素的影响，国家强制力推动延续制度惯性过于强大并且存在政府失灵的危险；市场逐利性动机选择依靠利益权衡和博弈的个人因为面对潜在风险和不确定性而陷入踟蹰；社会自主治理则因为社会组织外部发展空间的受限以及社会资本存量的不足而发育迟缓。需要重塑政府权能以转向服务型政府，引导社会自治的职能，推进服务型政府改革,通过政府让利于市场、放权给社会，建立政府、市场和社区三者有机协调配合的新三元治理结构，形成竞争、命令与合作的治理模式，才能构建官(政府)、民(社区)、商(市场)携手共进的和谐社会。 |
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| 关键词： 和谐社会；集体行动的困境；公共事物；公共物品；公共资源 |
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The deliberation of solution to collective action’s plight in the sight of harmonious society |
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SHI Jie |
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（School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China） |
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| Abstract: As to the governace of commons, the traditional collective action theory holds that collective action’s plight is inevitable due to the Free-rider Problem, and the solution of the plight is to resort to either government or market. However, Austerom puts forward that there is a third way to eliminate the plight besides two traditional ways mentioned above, that is, Social Self-governance. Due to the collective impact of historic tradition, systematic inertia and social environment, national coercive power may be too strong and face the danger of government failure; market interest-oriented motivation may be trapped in hesitation and dilemma as a result of potential risk and uncertainty; social self-governance may undergo development hinderance because of limited development space for social groups and lack of social capital. Consequently, it is imperative for us to rebuild our government into service type government, enhance social governance and promote reform of service type government. Through retreating of government for the expansion of society and market, it is possible for us to entail a three-dimensional governance structure, thus building a harmonious society. |
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Key words: harmonious society; collective action’s plight; the commons; public goods; common resource |
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