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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2013)01-0131-06 |
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错误汇款领得行为的刑法评价 |
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张红昌 |
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（海南师范大学政法学院，海南海口，571158） |
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| 摘 要： 在银行柜台或自动取款机上将钱款错误汇入他人账户，账户名义人对此明知而支取领得的，在其刑法属性的评价上存在夺取罪说、占罪说与无罪说的对立。三种学说在账户名义人对错误汇转的钱款是否具备法律上的占有、错误汇转钱款的所有权归属等存在差异。错误汇转的钱款之上即便欠缺作为原因的法律关系，账户名义人仍可不受限制地自由支取钱款，故其对钱款具备法律上的占有。汇款人将钱汇入他人账户后，便丧失了对钱款的所有权与占有，银行只不过处于钱款管理者的地位，账户名义人是钱款的所有权者。账户名义人支取钱款的行为具有权利行使的法律属性，其获取了不应有的财产利益不应作为认定构成犯罪的理由，只是在民法上负有不当得利返还之义务。 |
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| 关键词： 错误汇款；占有；账户所有权；财产罪 |
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Criminal Evaluation about Ocuupating the Wrong Bank transfer |
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ZHANG Hongchang |
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（School of Politics & Law, Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158, China） |
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| Abstract: About the nature of the crime in criminal law on the condition that the account owner knowingly draws and owns the amount of money that is wrongly remitted into his account from the bank counter or the ATM, there are three different arguments about this behavior: the criminal offense of capture, the criminal offense of embezzlement of detached property as well as innocence. The three different arguments differ in that whether the account owner enjoys the legitimate right of possession of the wrongly remitted amount of money and the ownership of the wrongly remitted amount of money. Though the place of the wrongly remitted amount of money is insufficient to constitute the reason of legal relationship, the account owner may still draw the money boundlessly freely and possess the amount of money legally. The remitter lost the possession of the money after he remitted wrongly to others account. The bank is just in the position of keeping the money, whereas the account owner is the possessor the the money. This paper argues that the account owner has the lawful right to draw the money, so the undeserved property benefit should not be regarded as the reason of committing a crime, whereas the account owner undertakes to return the injust benefit according to the civil law. |
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Key words: wrong remittance; possession; account ownership; property crime |
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