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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2012)06-0197-05 |
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马铃薯饥荒灾难对爱尔兰的影响
--作物改变历史的一个范例 |
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曹瑞臣 |
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（北京师范大学历史学院，北京，100875） |
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| 摘 要： 马铃薯作为现代世界最重要的粮食作物之一，在过去和现在改变了世界历史进程是毫无争辩的事实。地理大发现带来的“哥伦布大交换”时空下生物物种的扩散与交流对近代人类发展进程影响深远。美洲新大陆农作物马铃薯在旧大陆的引入与传播，带来生态农业革命，对欧亚大陆社会发展和人口增长意义重大。马铃薯改变世界历史的一个缩影是其在爱尔兰的传入与扎根，而马铃薯病害引发的饥荒灾难，对爱尔兰民族历史和国家命运影响最为深刻。无论是从生态对人类行为的影响层面还是基于现代粮食安全对国家的重要意义方面，都使得我们不得不去重新思考传统上被我们所忽视的自然环境对人类的生命与安全的重大影响。 |
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| 关键词： 马铃薯；爱尔兰饥荒；环境史学；作物；生命；安全 |
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How potato’s famine disasted Ireland Nation
--A historical case of crop change |
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CAO Ruichen |
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（History School of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China） |
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| Abstract: It is self-evident that the potato has been changing the world history in the past several hundred years. The diffusion and exchange of living species by the Columbian Exchange due to Geographical great discovery had a significant effect on human beings, the introduction and spread of the potato caused a great and ecological agricultural revolution in Europe from new world America, and it played an essential role in Eurasia’ social development and population reproduction. The portraiture of the potato’s changing the world was the introduction and taking-root of potato in Ireland, while the potato disease and famine disaster greatly affected Ireland and Irish fate. Whether ecological effect on human beings’ behavior or the safety of grain crop on Nation, it is of great necessity to rethink ever negligible effect from nature environment on the life and safety of human kind. |
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Key words: potato; Ireland famine; environmental history; crops; life; safety |
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