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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2012)04-0144-05 |
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试论美国南方重建时期的“孱崽子” |
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王淑霞 |
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（济南大学历史与文化产业学院，山东济南，250022） |
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| 摘 要： “孱崽子”是美国南方重建时期保守的南方白人对出生于南方且支持国会重建方案的南方白人的贬称，或指与“自由人”(被解放的黑人奴隶)及毛毡提包客合作，共同支持共和党政策的南方白人。他们大多来源于内战期间反对分离的联邦主义者，也有一些是由前叛乱分子转化而来。他们在执行国会重建法案，完成前叛乱州回归联邦的过程中起了重要作用。从维护联邦统一的角度看，他们是能够正确判断并顺应形势发展的群体，而非当时保守的南方白人所谓的叛徒。重建末期，他们抛弃重建，南部各州政权很快回到白人手中。 |
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| 关键词： “孱崽子”；美国南方重建；联邦主义；军事重建法案 |
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On the Scalawags of America during the Era of South Reconstruction |
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WANG Shuxia |
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（School of History and Culture Industry, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China） |
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| Abstract: The term scalawag, literally meaning smearing lexicon, was applied to those native southerners who supported Congressional Reconstruction by conservative southerners, or meaning native southerners who cooperated with freedmen and carpetbaggers and supported the policy of the Republican Party. Most of them originated from the unionists who opposed separation during the Civil War, some were turned from rebels. They put the policy of Congressional Reconstruction into effect, and played an important role that made the rebel states return to the federal government. From the view of preserving uniting of the nation, they were a group of men who could judge correctly and conform to the development of the political position. They were not the traitors called by the conservative white southerners. When the South Reconstruction was to end, they abandoned the South Reconstruction, the power of the reconstructed states fell to the white southerners. |
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Key words: scalawag; south reconstruction of America; Federalism; Military Reconstruction Act |
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