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| 文章编号：1672-3104(2010)04-0030-05 |
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生活史视野下的苏格兰启蒙运动 |
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项松林 |
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（安徽建筑工业学院法政学院，安徽合肥，230022） |
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| 摘 要： 苏格兰是18世纪启蒙运动的另一重镇。苏格兰启蒙运动在20世纪的下半叶成为西方学界一个重要的研究题域。然而，无论是自然法研究传统，还是公民人文主义研究传统，抑或“意识形态的”、“文化的”、“知识的”诠释方式，由于不同程度忽视了社会生活环境与思想的互动，都难以对苏格兰启蒙运动做整全性的解读。通过考察18世纪苏格兰启蒙运动的历史背景，可以逻辑地再现其思想与情境的互动：基于恶劣的自然生存条件，苏格兰启蒙运动首先是一种生存论关怀；与法、德等欧陆启蒙运动不同，苏格兰启蒙运动是一场政治转型已然完成的后革命启蒙，其主要关切不再是政治革命而是经济与社会的发展；资助、公共生活等生存情境深刻地影响着苏格兰启蒙运动之稳健、渐进、调适的思想取向。 |
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| 关键词： 欧洲启蒙运动；苏格兰启蒙运动；西方思想史；西方政治史 |
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On the Scottish Enlightenment from the perspective of life history |
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XIANG Songlin |
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（Department of Law and Politics, Anhui Institution of Architecture and Industry, Hefei 230022, China） |
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| Abstract: The Scottish Enlightenment is an important component of the Enlightenment in the 18th century, and has become an important field in the second half of the 20th century in Western academia. However, due to neglect of interaction of ideas and context, none of natural law tradition, civic humanist tradition, or “idelogical”, “cultuaral”, “intellectural”interpretation could make the comprehensive reading of the Scottish Enlightenment. From the historical background of the Scottish Enlightenment, this paper logically reproduces interaction of ideas and context: Because of the poor natural living conditions, the Scottish Enlightenment is foremost an existential concern. Unlike that in France, Germany and other European Enlightenment, the Scottish Enlightenment is a post-revolutionary enlightenment after the political transition. Its main concerns are the economic and social development of the society rather than political revolution. Survival situations, such as patronage, public life, have a profound impact on the sound, progressive and compromising political styles of the Scottish Enlightenmen . |
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Key words: the European Enlightenment；the Scottish Enlightenment; history of western thought; history of western politics |
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